Manilio Cabacio Rallo

(Mistra (?), ca. 1447 - Rome, ca. 1522)

Manilius Cabacius Rallus, Rhallus, Ἐμμανουήλ, Μανίλιος Ῥάλης Καβάκης, Manilius Spartanus, Manlius, Mallius, Manolius, Mabilius (?)

Humanist poet, Latin scholar (?), and titular bishop of Monemvasia

to cite this entry

Table of contents

1. Cabacio Rallo's connection with Leto

1.1 Presentation of the testimonia

1.2 References and bibliography

2. Vita

2.1 Biographical note

2.2 References and bibliography

3. Primary sources

3.1 Early printed editions

3.2 Modern editions

3.3 Manuscripts

3.3.1 Manuscripts containing poems by Cabacio Rallo

3.3.2 Other relevant manuscripts

3.4 Cabacio Rallo mentioned by fellow poets

3.5 References and bibliography

1. Cabacio Rallo's connection with Leto

1.1 Presentation of the testimonia

Our knowledge about Rallo's connection with Leto is scant; it can be inferred from what we know about the transmission of Verrius Flaccus' De uerborum significatu in the last decades of the fifteenth century. The only surviving manuscript containing Pomponius Festus' summary of Flaccus (now known as the Farnesianus IV.A.3 and preserved in Naples) circulated among Leto's friends and colleagues and was used by Leto himself in his courses on Varro and others at the Roman Studium urbis (Moscadi 2001, xxi; Nolhac 1887, 212-16). Cabacio Rallo is central to the transmission of this Festus-text, and this also connects him to Leto. In the literature regarding either Festus or Rallo, the connection between Rallo and Leto via Festus is generally assumed to be self-evident. A close review of the evidence suggests, on the contrary, that this is not the case. Notwithstanding that this is certainly not the place to settle the matter, it is necessary to present the available evidence here so as to identify the problem for the first time.

A remark in Polizano's Miscellanea (Firenze, 1489) shows that already before 1486 Rallo had come in the possession of a Festus codex identified as the Farnesianus IV.A.3 (Moscadi 2001, xiv-xvii). According to some scholars (but for reasons I cannot recover), he had brought it from Dalmatia either before 1477 (Lindsay 1913, xi) or between 1480 and 1485 (Mommsen 1909, 270, cf. Chatzi 1909, 58). It now seems more probable, however, that the codex already circulated among Italian humanists before 1457 (Moscadi 2001, xiv). In the same passage of the Miscellanea, Poliziano also tells us that Leto retained some pages of the codex, and that he subsequently gave these to the Florentine humanist so that he could read and transcribe them (cf. Mancini 2007, 142-44):

Ostendit mihi Romae abhinc quadriennium Manilius Rallus, Graecus homo, sed Latinis litteris adprime excultus, fragmentum quoddam Sexti Pompeij Festi (nam ita erat in titulo) sanequam uetustum, sed pleraque mutilatum praerosumque a muribus. Quod me magnopere tenuit, siquidem reliquiae illae qualescunque ex integro ipso uolumine superabant, quod autor Festus composuerat, non ex hoc autem compendiario, quod nunc in manibus coactum uiolenter et decurtatum, scilicet ab ignobili et indocto quodam, nec isto quoque nomine satis bene de litteris merito. Nonnullas quoque ex eodem fragmento Pomponius Laetus, uir antiquitatis et litterarum bonarum consultissimus, sibi pagellas retinuerat, quas itidem legendas mihi describendasque dedit (Poliziano, Miscellanea 73, cited from the 1971 reproduction of the 1553 Basel edition).

Even so, how exactly the Farnesianus connects Rallo with Leto cannot be conclusively inferred from Poliziano's remark in the Miscellanea. Some scholars suggested that Leto got the manuscript directly from Rallo (Mommsen 1909, 270, cf. Chatzi 1909, 58 and Grafton 1983, 136), while others claimed that, inversely, Leto gave part of the codex to the Byzantine scholar (Moscadi 2001, xvi). In still another interpretation there was an intermediary involved in the exchange: Pierre de Nolhac suggested that Michele Marullo gave a part of Rallo's codex to Leto (Nolhac 1887, 213 n. 5). Unfortunately, none of these scenario's can be substantiated by conclusive evidence, and it remains unclear how the Farnesianus may be seen to connect Leto and Rallo.

At first glance, the connection between Cabacio Rallo and Leto is further evidenced by the publication in Rome in 1475 (and not in 1477 as Lindsay 1913, xii assumed) of an edition of Paul the Deacon's epitome of Festus. The booklet was dedicated to Pomponio Leto, and in the concise dedicatory letter, the editor made himself known as 'Manilius Romanus.' The letter (reprinted with considerable carelessness in Lindsay 1913, xi) is as follows:

Manilius Romanus Pomponio Leto salutem. Nuper cum legissem Pompei Festi mutilatos libros qui priscorum uerborum inscribuntur, uehementer dolui quod tantum opus integrum non remanserit. Scripsit ille quidem ad totius antiquitatis cognitionem et posteritatis utilitatem, sed puto inscitia superioris etatis tam preclarum munus nobis eripuit. Nam quidem nullius momenti sine nomine sine litteris ad Carolum Regem uolumen diffusum et copiosum in sterile compendium redegit et credibile est reliquisse que magis necessaria erant, ut sepenumero tu mecum questus es. Quod superest imprimendum curaui, ne alius forte audax et temerarius in peius reddat, et pro uirili parte emendari castigarique euigilaui, ut saltem si non integer fidelis tamen legatur. Vale. De Romaulis.

It is by and large assumed, or taken for certain, that 'Manilius Romanus' must be identified with Cabacio Rallo, and that therefore the 1475-edition of Festus must be attributed to him (Moscadi 2001, xv; Staikos 1998, 27; Bracke 1995, 194; Lindsay 1913, xi; Chatzi 1909, 57-8; Legrand 1903, 32; Reitzenstein 1887, 97; Nolhac 1887, 214 n. 5). Although generally accepted, the attribution is not a matter of fact, and there are good reasons to doubt it. First of all, the main reason to identify 'Manilius Romanus' with Cabacio Rallo seems to be the above-cited passage from Poliziano's Miscellanea, where he is mentioned as the owner of the codex Farnesianus. However, Manilius Romanus' 1475-edition of Paul the Deacon's epitome is not an edition of the codex Farnesianus which Cabacio Rallo showed to Angelo Poliziano (Bracke 1995, 196-97; Lindsay 1913, xi), and which Giovanni Battista Pio first published in Milan in 1500 (Moscadi 2001, xxi). Only for this reason, Poliziano's remark in itself tells us nothing decisive about the identity of 'Manilius Romanus.' In addition to this, it must be noted that Cabacio Rallo never styled himself 'Manilius Romanus,' and that he was not so called by his contemporaries. After his birthplace, the post-Byzantine scholar was indeed nicknamed 'Spartanus', but never 'Romanus.' On the other hand, another member of Leto's circle, Sebastiano Manilio, was in fact known as 'Manilius Romanus.' These facts further complicate the attribution of the 1475-edition of Festus to Cabacio Rallo. If indeed the names 'Manilius Romanus' and 'Manilius Spartanus' served to differentiate two Manilii working in Rome in the 1470's, it is likely that not Cabacio Rallo, but someone else (and probably Sebastiano Manilio) dedicated his edition of Festus to Leto in 1475.

All in all, the only conclusion we can draw with confidence from the available evidence is that Cabacio Rallo held a manuscript of Festus that was also used by Pomponio Leto and circulated among his sodales. Although Poliziano's remark in the Miscellanea may suggest the possibility that Rallo and Leto were somehow in contact regarding the codex, it leaves implicit how, if so at all. Only on the assumption that Cabacio Rallo was the editor of Paul the Deacon's epitome of Festus (which is, at least in my view, less self-evident as has been assumed) his connection with Pomponio Leto surely entailed more than participating in the same network of manuscript circulation. Further research regarding the identity of 'Manilius Romanus' might yield more conclusive evidence regarding Rallo's role in the edition of Festus as well as his connection with Pomponio Leto.

1.2 References and bibliography

Wouter Bracke, "La première 'édition' humaniste du De verborum significatione de Festus (Vat. Lat. 5958)," Revue d'histoire des textes 25 (1995), 189-215.

Antonios Chatzi, Οἱ Ῥαουλ, Ῥαλ, Ῥαλαι (Kirchhain 1909).

Anthony Grafton, Joseph Scaliger: A study in the history of classical scholarship, 2 vols., I, Textual Criticism and Exegesis (Oxford 1983).

Émile Legrand, Bibliographie hellénique, ou description raisonnée des ouvrages publiés par des Grecs aux XVe et XVIe siècles, 4 vols., III (Paris 1903).

Wallace M. Lindsay (ed.), Sexti Pompei Festi de verborum significatu quae supersunt cum Pauli epitome (Leipzig 1913).

Giovanna Mancini, "I codici vaticani latini 1549 e 3369," Verrius, Festus, and Paul: Lexicography, scholarship, and society, ed. Fay Glinister and Clare Woods (London 2007), 137-58.

Theodor Mommsen, Gesammelte Schriften, VII, Philologische Schriften (Berlin 1909).

Alessandro Moscadi, Il Festo Farnesiano (Cod. Neapol. IV.A.3) (Firenze 2001).

Angelo Poliziano, Opera omnia, ed. Ida Maïer & Isodoro Del Lungo, 3 vols., I (Torino 1971).

Richard von Reitzenstein, Verrianische Forschungen, Breslauer Philologische Abhandlungen 1.4 (Breslau 1887).

Konstantinos Staikos, Charta of Greek Printing: The Contribution of Greek Editors, Printers and Publishers to the Renaissance in Italy and the West, trans. Timothy Cullen (Köln 1998).

2. Vita

2.1 Biographical note

Manilio Cabacio Rallo was born in about 1447 in the Peloponnesus (probably in Mistra); he was the only son of Thomais Bochalis and Demetrios Rhallis Kavakis (ca. 1397-1487). The latter is mainly known for safeguarding the only surviving fragments of The Book of Laws by his intellectual mentor George Gemistos Plethon (ca. 1355-1454). Like most of his literate countrymen, Cabacio Rallo's father worked as a copyist in Rome after he had sought refuge there with his son between 1464 and 1466 in response to the Ottoman occupation of the Peloponnesus (1460). While Demetrios Rhallis associated with the Greek circles in Rome, his son affiliated with the Roman upper classes. During his almost life-long stay in the Eternal City, Cabacio Rallo was in the service of some very prominent members of Roman society like Cardinal Marco Barbo (sometime between 1467 and 1491), Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere, future Pope Julius II (sometime between 1471 and 1503), Cardinal Galeotto de Franciottis della Rovere and his brother Cardinal Sisto de Franciottis (sometime between 1503 and 1517), and Cardinal Giulio de'Medici (sometime between 1517 and 1522). Instead of copying or editing Greek classics, Rallo studied the Latin language and Latin literature with so much care that he was able to participate in the sophisticated literary circles of Rome (on which in general see Gaisser 2011). It has formerly been assumed that Cabacio Rallo participated in the literary circle surrounding Johann Göritz (Nolhac 1887, 147), but to my best knowledge this cannot be confirmed (cf. the 'Index poetarum corycianorum' in IJsewijn 1997, 393-403). Nevertheless, his poems are indeed prominent in collections of epigrams compiled by Angelo Colocci (see, e.g., Vat. Lat. 3352 and Vat. Lat. 3353). It is unknown where Rallo received his education in Latin but as he arrived in the 1460s in Rome, it seems very probable that Rallo attended Leto's courses at the Sapienza.

Even so, Cabacio Rallo's only printed work, the Iuueniles ingenii lusus (1520), does not document Leto's influence. The book (dedicated to Cardinal Giulio de'Medici) constitutes a miscellaneous poetic collection with fifty-seven poems covering a wide range of meters and topics, and varying in length from two to more than one hundred lines. Poems with erotic and exilic themes are prominent, and among contemporaries Rallo was mainly known as a love and exile poet (see, for example, the poems by Pietro and Tranquillo Gravina attached to the Iuueniles ingenii lusus together with the anonymous poem in Vat. Lat. 3353, f. 13^v). The central poem of the collection is an extensive address to Pope Leo X. In it, Cabacio Rallo urges the philhellenic pontiff to undertake a crusade in order to deliver his fatherland Greece from the Ottoman Turks. The collection contains many more occasional poems addressed to contemporaries. Although Pomponio Leto remains unmentioned, Rallo did include in his collection some poems to Leto's associates. So, for instance, he wrote a tumulus for Agostino Maffei (1431-1496) and also addressed one 'Geminianus', probably Filippo Buonaccorsi. In two of his poetic invectives, Buonaccorsi indeed attacks one 'Manolius Graecus' who might well be identified with Manilio Rallo (see 3.3 below). If this is true, Buonaccorsi probably alludes to Rallo's role in the rediscovery of the Festus-codex in one of them (Buonaccorsi, ed. Sica 1981, 231 (nr. 97,1-3): 'Solertissime greculationis | librorum carie reconditorum | qui fraudas tineas...').

In spite of the fact that Cabacio Rallo's connection with Leto remains obscure, he is often mentioned as a pupil of Giovanni Pontano in one breath with his fellow exile poet Michele Marullo. The influence of Pontano was emphasised by Rallo himself in the Iuueniles ingenii lusus. In the dedicatory letter to the collection he praised Pontano together with Marullo, quoting Pontano's positive opinion about his own poetical style. In addition, Rallo included a substantial elegiac letter to the Neapolitan humanist regarding his inability to compose high and philosophical poetry as a result of his forced displacement from his fatherland. In the poem, he presented Pontano as his intellectual mentor. Although the exact relation between Rallo and Pontano's circle in Naples remains doubtful (he probably dwelled in Naples between 1496 and 1503), it is appears from the Iuueniles ingenii lusus that at least by 1520 he preferred to be associated with the circles of Pontano rather than with those of Leto.

In 1517, Leo X (with whom Rallo was on good terms) made the poet titular bishop of Monemvasia in the Peloponnesus; Rallo died in about 1522 and was buried next to his father in the church of the Santi Apostoli in Rome.

More details, discussion and an extensive bibliography in Lamers 2008.

2.2 References and bibliography

Antonio Altamura, Manilius Rhallus, Biblioteca dell'Accademia d'Ungheria in Roma n.s. 18 (Romae 1947).

Filippo Buonaccorsi (alias Callimaco Esperiente), Carmina, ed. Francesco Sica (Napoli 1981).

Julia Gaisser, "The Mirror of Humanism: Self-reflection in the Roman Academy," On Renaissance Academies, ed. Marianne Pade, Analecta Romana Instituti Danici, Suppl. 42 (Roma 2011), 123-32.

Jozef IJsewijn (ed.), Coryciana (Romae 1997).

Han Lamers, "A Byzantine Poet in Italian Exile: Politics and identity formation in the Latin epigrams of Manilio Cabacio Rallo of Sparta (ca. 1447-1522)," Thesis submitted to the Institute for Cultural Disciplines of Leiden University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Literature, 2008 (unpublished).

------, "A Byzantine Poet in Italian Exile: Manilius Cabacius Rallus's self-presentation in the context of Leo X's philhellenism," forthcoming in the proceedings of The Fourteenth International Congress of the International Association for Neo-Latin Studies, Uppsala (Sweden), August 2-9, 2009.

Manoussos Manoussakas, "Cabacio Rallo, Manilio," Dizionario biografico degli italiani, 73 vols., XV (Roma 1972), 669-71.

Fred J. Nichols, "Greek Poets of Exile in Napels: Marullus and Rhallus," Ut granum sinapis. Essays on Neo-Latin Literature in Honour of Jozef IJsewijn, edd. Gilbert Tournoy & Dirk Sacré, Suppl. Humanistica Lovaniensia, 12 (Leuven 1997), 152-70.

------, "The Exile's Grief: Manilius Rhallus," Journal of the Institute of Romance Studies 2 (1993), 123-40.

Pierre de Nolhac, La Bibliothèque de Fulvio Orsini: Contributions à l'histoire des collections d'Italie et à l'étude de la Renaissance (Paris 1887).

3. List of primary sources

3.1 Early printed editions

Manilio Cabacio Rallo, Manilii Cabacii Ralli Iuueniles ingenii lusus (Neapoli 1520).

------ (ed.) (attributed), De uerborum significatione (Romae 1475) (ISTC No.: if00144000).

3.2 Modern editions

Manilii Cabacii Ralli epigrammata selecta, ed. Han Lamers (in preparation, partly available in Lamers 2008).

Note that individual poems are (sometimes only fragmentarily) available in Nichols 1993, Altamura 1941 & 1947, Chatzi 1909, and Legrand 1903.

3.3 Manuscripts

3.3.1 Manuscripts containing poems by Cabacio Rallo

The most important manuscript containing poems of Cabacio Rallo is Hamilton 561 preserved in the Staatsbibliothek in Berlin. It contains a collection of Rallo's poems, partly overlapping with the Iuueniles ingenii lusus, and probably dedicated to Galeotto della Rovere between 1503 and 1507. See Lamers 2008; Kristeller 1983, 367; Boese 1966, b275; Altamura 1947, 6; and Galland 1920, 81. Since both the edition and the manuscript are not easily available, I add a comparative table of contents below (from Lamers 2008).

Neapolitan 1520 edition			Ham.561		Ham. 561			Nap.1520
Title	nr.	fol.	nr.	fol.	Title	nr.	fol.	nr.	fol.
Petri Grauinae epigramma		ii^r	-	-	Epigramma Ioannis Luchini Curtii, scriptoris		1^r	-	-
Tranquilli Grauinae phalaecium		ii^v	-	-	Ad Galeottum, cardinalem Sancti Petri ad Vincula, uicecancellarium Manilius Cabacius Rallus	1	3^r	9	Div^r
Reuerendissimo et illustrissimo domino meo (dedicatory letter)		iii^r	-	-	Ad musam	2	3^v	10	Div^v
Manilii Cabacii Ralli elegia erotice de discessu Licinnae	1	A^r	52	29^r	Ad Licinnam	3	3^v	11	Div^v
De exilio et in eum qui primus seruiuit	2	Aiii^r	51	26^v	Ad Geminianum	4	4^r	12	E^r
Non esse deserendos amores	3	B^r	50	24^r	De se ipso conqueritur	5	4^v	13	E^v
De nouo amore	4	Biii^r	53	32^r	Ad Licinnam	6	5^r	14	Eii^r
Laus autumni	5	Biv^v	54	34^r	In Varronem	7	5^v	15	Eii^r
Ad Pontanum Iouianum	6	C^v	56	37^v	Ad Paulam	8	6^r	16	Eii^v
Diuo Iulio Medice, uicecancellario, patrono	7	Civ^r	-	-	Tumulus Quinterii	9	6^v	17	Eiii^r
Ad Leonem Decimum Pontificem Maximum	8	D^r	-	-	Alexandro Cortesio amico	10	7^r	18	Eiii^v
Ad Galeottum, cardinalem Sancti Petri ad Vincula, uicecancellarium	9	Div^r	1	3^r	De Rufo Parmensi	11	7^r	19	Eiii^v
Ad musam	10	Div^v	2	3^v	Summum bonum frui optato, summum malum non frui	12	7^v	20	Eiv^r
Ad Licinnam	11	Div^v	3	3^v	De se ipso	13	8^r	21	Eiv^v
Ad Geminianum	12	E^r	4	4^r	Ad Licinnam	14	8^v	22	Eiv^v
De se ipso conqueritur	13	E^v	5	4^v	In Sextum Alexandrum	15	9^r	23	F^r
Ad Licinnam	14	Eii^r	6	5^r	In eundem	16	9^r	-	-
In Varronem	15	Eii^r	7	5^v	In eundem	17	9^r	24	F^r
Ad Paulam	16	Eii^v	8	6^r	Tumulus Theodori Gazae	18	9^v	-	-
Quinterii tumulus	17	Eiii^r	9	6^v	Epitaphium cardinalis Sancti Marci	19	9^v	25	F^r
Alexandro Cortesio amico	18	Eiii^v	10	7^r	Ad musam	20	9^v	26	F^v
De Rufo Parmensi	19	Eiii^v	11	7^r	Ad Licinnam	21	10^v	27	Fii^r
Summum bonum frui optato, summum malum non frui	20	Eiv^r	12	7^v	Ad Paulam	22	10^v	28	Fii^r
Sine titulo	21	Eiv^v	13	8^r	Ad Leuinum venatorem	23	10^v	29	Fii^v
Ad Licinnam	22	Eiv^v	14	8^v	De Simonetta	24	11^r	30	Fii^v
In Sextum	23	F^r	15	9^r	In patriarcham	25	11^v	31	Fii^v
In eundem	24	F^r	17	9^r	Ad Poscam	26	11^v	32	Fiii^r
Epitaphium Marci Barbi, cardinalis sancti Marci	25	F^r	19	9^v	Ad Falconem Sinibaldum	27	12^r	33	Fiii^r
Ad musam	26	F^v	20	9^v	In Paulam	28	12^r	34	Fiii^v
Ad Licinnam	27	Fii^r	21	10^v	De Mancino	29	12^v	35	Fiv^r
Ad Paulam	28	Fii^r	22	10^v	Ad Angelum Politianum	30	13^r	36	Fiv^r
Ad Leuinum uenatorem	29	Fii^v	23	10^v	Ad Auctam	31	13^v	37	Fvii^v
De Simonetta	30	Fii^v	24	11^r	Ad Galeottum Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae uicecancellarium	32	13^v	38	G^r
In patriarcham	31	Fii^v	25	11^v	Ad Prosperum de Columna	33	14^r	39	G^r
Ad Poscam	32	Fiii^r	26	11^v	Tumulus Augustini de Maffeis	34	15^v	40	Gii^r
Ad Falconem Sinibaldum	33	Fiii^r	27	12^r	Ad Pompeium de Columna	35	15^v	41	Gii^v
In Paulam	34	Fiii^v	28	12^r	Ad eundem	36	16^r	42	Giii^r
De Mancino	35	Fiv^r	29	12^v	Tumulus Galeatii	37	16^v	43	Giii^r
Ad Angelum Politianum	36	Fiv^r	30	13^r	Ad Galeottum Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae uicecancellarius	38	16^v	44	Giii^v
Ad Auctam	37	Fvii^v	31	13^v	De Roma et Pannonia	39	17^r	45	Giii^v
Ad cardinalem Galeottum	38	G^r	32	13^v	Ad cardinalem Strigoniensem	40	17^r	46	Giv^r
De Prospero Columna	39	G^r	33	14^r	Ad Augustinum Morauum	41	17^v	47	Giv^r
Augustino Maffeo defuncto	40	Gii^r	34	15^v	Tumulus Demetrii Boiochali Laconis auunculi	42	18^r	48	Giv^v
Ad Pompeium	41	Gii^v	35	15^v	Parenetice ad Reginam Hungariae Beatricem de Aragonia	43	18^r	49	Giv^v
Ad eundem	42	Giii^r	36	16^r	Tumulus Strigoniensis praesulis	44	19^v	50	H^v
Tumulus Galeatii	43	Giii^r	37	16^v	De Catia Pannona	45	20^r	51	Hii^r
Ad cardinalem Galeottum	44	Giii^v	38	16^v	Ad Federicum Regem Neapolitanum	46	20^v	53	Hiii^r
De Roma et Pannonia	45	Giii^v	39	17^r	Ad Prosperum Columnam parenetice monocolos	47	21^r	54	Hiii^v
Ad Strigoniensem	46	Giv^r	40	17^r	Diuae Faelici Ruuerae	48	22^r	55	Hiv^v
Ad Augustinum Morauum	47	Giv^r	41	17^v	Tumulus Patris D.M.	49	23^v	52	Hii^v
Tumulus Demetrii Boiochali Laconis auunculi	48	Giv^v	42	18^r	Eiusdem Manilii elegia erotice	50	24^r	3	B^r
Parenetice ad Reginam Hungariae Beatricem de Aragonia	49	Giv^v	43	18^r	In eum qui primus seruiuit	51	26^v	2	Aiii^r
Tumulus Strigoniensis praesulis	50	H^v	44	19^v	De discessu Licinnae	52	29^r	1	A^r
De Catia Pannona	51	Hii^r	45	20^r	De nouo amore	53	32^r	4	Biii^r
Tumulus Patris D.M.	52	Hii^v	49	23^v	Laus Autumni	54	34^r	5	Biv^v
Ad Fredericum Regem Neapolitanum	53	Hiii^r	46	20^v	De ratione animarum. Erroris confessio	55	35^v	-	-
Ad Prosperum Columnam parenetice monocolos	54	Hiii^v	47	21^r	Ad Pontanum Iouianum	56	37^v	6	C^v
Diuae Faelici Ruuerae	55	Hiv^v	48	22^r
Iano Lascaro doctissimo ode monocolos	56	I^v	-	-
Laus Heluetiorum	57	Iiii^r	-	-

In addition to the collection in the Ham. 561, individual poems of Cabacio Rallo are recorded in various other manuscripts. I have collated most of the relevant manuscripts for the edition I am currently preparing. Apart from the Berlin Ham. 561, I have hitherto been able to localise twelve additional manuscripts containing poems by Cabacio Rallo. These are (arranged in alphabetical order according to country, city, and library): Austria, Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek: (1) Vindob. Lat. 3198 (Perosa 2000, 32-33; Kristeller 1983, 63; Maïer 1965, 327); Germany, Leipzig, Universitätsbibliothek: (2) Cod. 1270 (Kristeller 1983, 423); Italy, Firenze, Biblioteca Nazionale: (3) Magl. VII, 1195 (Perosa 2000, 32-33; Maïer 1965, 115-16) and (4) Magl. XXXV, 225 (Maier 1965, 126-127); Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana: (5) P. 83 sup. (Maïer 1965, 193-94); Naples, Biblioteca Nazionale: (6) S.Q.VIII.C.40 (Altamura 1947, 15 n. 24; Galland 1881, 25) and (7) XIII D 27 (Kristeller 1967, 432); Verona, Biblioteca Capitolare: (8) CCLVII (Kristeller 1967, 297); Sweden, Uppsala, Universitetsbiblioteket: (9) C 687 (Kristeller 1990, 30); United States of America, Cambridge (Massachusetts), Harvard University, Houghton Library: (10) Ms. Lat. 358 (Kristeller 1990, 228-230); Vatican City, Bibloteca Apostolica Vaticana: (11) Vat. Lat. 3352 (Kristeller 1967, 361; Boese 1966, b276; Maïer 1965, 290-93; Nolhac 1887, 254-55) and (12) Vat. Lat. 3353 (Boese 1966, b276; Nolhac 1887, 254-55).

It must be noted that on the basis of Magl. VII, 1195, ff. 117^v-118^r and Vindob. Lat. 3198, ff. 160^r-160^v two poems normally attributed to Angelo Poliziano (i.e. poems 73 and 74 in Del Lungo's edition) should be attributed to Cabacio Rallo (on which see Perosa 2000, 32-34). The inclusion of Poliziano 74 in Ham. 561 (not recorded by Perosa) conclusively proves Rallo's authorship of the poem (Lamers 2008).

In Eberhard Gothein's Die Renaissance in Süditalien (²1924) 261, n. 38 a collection of poems and letters by Cabacio Rallo is mentioned. According to Gothein, it is preserved in the 'Sammlung Arditi' in Lecce. As a sample he cites the smallest poem of the collection, namely 'Tumulus Demetri Boichali [sic] laconis auunculi', corresponding, with some variations, to an epitaph in the Iuueniles ingenii lusus, f. Giv^v. Unfortunately, consultation of a member of the Arditi family has hitherto not resulted in recovering the collection referred to in Gothein's monograph.

3.3.2 Selection of further relevant manuscripts

Further relevant manuscripts for information about Rallo's life and intellectual activities are, among others:

(1) Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana: Vat. Gr. 1359, ff. 487^r-489^v, Δημητρίου πρὸς τὸν ἑαυτοῦ ὑιον Μανίλιον Ῥαοὺλ Καβάκη ('A letter of Dimitrios to his son Manilios Rhaoul Kavaki'). Inaccurate editions of the Greek letter of Rallo's father are available in Sathas 1880, ρκς´-ρλα´ and, with a Latin translation, in Allacci 1665, 616-25; I am preparing a new edition of the text.

(2) Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana: Vat. Lat. 5356, ff. 96^v-102^v, 'Iulii Simonis Siculi epulum cum duobus et septuaginta commentatoribus singulorum nomine suis locis reddito.' Rallo's commentary to Giulio Simoni's Epulum is on f. 116^r (cf. f. 96^v).

(3) Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana: Vat. Lat. 3964, f. 25^r and 33^v, an extract from a library register showing the registrations of both Dimitrios Rhallis (in Greek) and his son (in Latin) (Chatzi 1909, 47, 57; most conveniently available in Bertolà 1942, ix, 25, 35).

(4) Italy, Modena, Est. T. 8.12, f. 152^r, where Rallo's lineage is traced back to Theodore Metochites (1270-1332) (Chatzi 1909, 41).

(5) Italy, Venice, Biblioteca Marciana: Appendix ad graecos codices, II, cod. XCIII, f. 3, i.e. the Greek letter of Janus Lascaris to Arsenios Apostolis announcing Rallo's death (Chatzi 1909, 57; reprinted in Legrand 1885, clxix-clxx).

3.4 Cabacio Rallo mentioned by fellow poets

(1) Filippo Buonaccorsi (alias Callimaco Esperiente), Carmina, ed. Francesco Sica (Napoli 1981), 231-34 (nrs. 97 and 98). On the relation between Buonnacorsi and Cabacio Rallo see Legrand 1903, 259.

(2) Pietro Gravina, introductory poem to Iuueniles ingenii lusus, f. 2^r.

(3) Tranquillo Gravina, introductory poem to Iuueniles ingenii lusus, f. 2^v.

(4) Dieudonné de Marivoorde, Poematon libellus, ed. Jozef IJsewijn, "The Life and Works of the Neo-Latin Poet Adeodatus Marivorda (1556-1584) (1)," Humanistica Lovaniensia 17 (1968), 1-49, 13-37, 23 (nr. 41).

(5) Michele Marullo, Carmina, ed. Alessandro Perosa (Torino 1951), 24 (Epigr. 1,55), 28-29 (Epigr. 1,63), 77-8 (Epigr. 3,47). Additionally, Cabacio Rallo is mentioned in Epigr. 1,16 (pp. 8-9) and 1,54 (p. 24); note that Epigr. 3,29 (p. 67) was also dedicated to him in other redactions.

(6) Angelo Poliziano, Carmina latina, ed. Isidoro Del Lungo (Firenze 1867), 131-40 (nrs. 43-52). Legrand 1903, 76 n. 1 identified the addressee 'Mabilius' with Cabacio Rallo (but see Picotti 1918).

(7) Giovanni Pontano, Hendecasyllaborum libri, ed. Liliana Monti Sabia (Napoli 1978), 122-24 (nr. 2,24).

(8) A poem to Cabacio Rallo by the scribe of Ham. 561, Ioannes Luchinus Curtius, is on f. 1^r of the manuscript.

(9) An anonymous elegy (by Antonio Tebaldi?) addressed to Cabacio Rallo in Vat. Lat. 3353, f. 13^v.

Note that in Cod. 504 (B V 47) of the Biblioteca Casanatense in Rome, containing an epigrammatum libellus of Francesco Uberti of Cesena (Franciscus Ubertus Caesenas), Kristeller (1976), 98-99 identified the addressee of one of the epigrams, 'Manilius uates,' with Manilio Cabacio Rallo.

3.5 References and bibliography

Leone Allacci (Leo Allatius), In Roberti Creyghtoni Apparatum, versionem et notas ad historiam Concilii Florentini scriptam a Silvestro Syropulo de unione inter Graecos et Latinos, exercitationum pars prima (Roma 1665).

Antonio Altamura, Manilius Rhallus, Biblioteca dell'Accademia d'Ungheria in Roma n.s. 18 (Roma 1947).

------, L'Umanesimo nel Mezzogiorno d'Italia: Storia, bibliografie e testi inediti, Biblioteca dell'Archivum Romanicum 1, Storia - Letteratura - Paleografia 29 (Firenze 1941).

Maria Bertolà, I due primi registri di prestito della Biblioteca apostolica vaticana, codici vaticani latini 3964, 3966 (Città del Vaticano 1942).

Helmut Boese, Die Lateinischen Handschriften der Sammlung Hamilton zu Berlin (Wiesbaden 1966).

Antonios Chatzi, Οἱ Ῥαουλ, Ῥαλ, Ῥαλαι (Kirchhain 1909).

Antoine Galland, Journal Parisien d'Antoine Galland (1708-1715) précédé de son autobiographie (1646-1715), ed. Henri Auguste Omont, Mémoires de la Société de l'Histoire de Paris et de l'Ile-de-France 46 (Paris 1920).

------, Journal d'Antoine Galland pendant son séjour à Constantinople (1672-1673), ed. Charles Schefer (Paris 1881).

Paul Oskar Kristeller, Iter Italicum, A finding list of uncatalogued or incompletely catalogued humanistic manuscripts of the Renaissance in Italian and other libraries, 6 vols., V, Sweden to Yugoslavia, Utopia, Supplement to Italy (A-F) (Leiden 1990).

------, Iter Italicum, A finding list of uncatalogued or incompletely catalogued humanistic manuscripts of the Renaissance in Italian and other libraries, 6 vols., III, Australia to Germany (Leiden 1983).

------, Iter Italicum, A finding list of uncatalogued or incompletely catalogued humanistic manuscripts of the Renaissance in Italian and other libraries, 6. vols., II, Italy (Orvieto to Volterra) and Vatican City (Leiden 1967).

Han Lamers, "A Byzantine Poet in Italian Exile: Politics and identity formation in the Latin epigrams of Manilio Cabacio Rallo of Sparta (ca. 1447-1522)," Thesis submitted to the Leiden University Institute for Cultural Disciplines in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Literature, 2008 (unpublished).

------, "Manilius Cabacius Rhallus of Sparta (ca. 1447-ca. 1523): An Introductory Study of his Life and Work with an Editio Minor of his Latin Poetry," Humanistica Lovaniensia 62 (2013), 127-200.

Émile Legrand, Bibliographie hellénique, ou description raisonnée des ouvrages publiés par des Grecs aux XVe et XVIe siècles, 4 vols., III (Paris 1903).

------, Bibliographie hellénique, ou description raisonnée des ouvrages publiés par des Grecs aux XVe et XVIe siècles, 4 vols., I (Paris 1885).

Ida Maïer, Les manuscrits d'Ange Politien: Catalogue déscriptif avec dix-neuf documents inédits en appendice (Genève 1965).

Fred J. Nichols, "The Exile's Grief: Manilius Rhallus," Journal of the Institute of Romance Studies 2 (1993), 123-40.

Pierre de Nolhac, La Bibliothèque de Fulvio Orsini: Contributions à l'histoire des collections d'Italie et à l'étude de la Renaissance (Paris 1887).

Alessandro Perosa, Studi di Filologia Umanistica, 3 vols, I, Studi e Testi del Rinascimento europeo 1 (Roma 2000).

Giovanni Battista Picotti, "Marullo o Mabilio? Nota Polizianesca," in Raccolta di studi di storia e critica letteraria dedicata a Francesco Flamini (Pisa 1918), 241-76.

Konstantinos Sathas, Μνημεῖα Ἑλληνικῆς Ἱστορίας. Monumenta Historiae Hellenicae. Documents inédits relatifs à l'histoire de la Grèce au Moyen Âge, 9 vols., I (Paris 1880).

Research for this article was funded through grants awarded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research and the Royal Netherlands Institute in Rome.

Han Lamers

October 2011, updated July 2014

This entry can be cited as follows:

Han Lamers, "Manilio Cabacio Rallo," Repertorium Pomponianum (URL: www.repertoriumpomponianum.it/pomponiani/rallo.htm,

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